The stress syndrome With animals, we call it "the fight or flight syndrome." Faced with a threat, an animal will either fight or flee. Both these actions require extra energy quickly available, and to facilitate this task the adrenal glands secrete a number of hormones that put the organism into overdrive. When all the responses to the fight or flight syndrome are turned on at once, then we have the phenomenon known as "panic." Faced with similar situations, civilized man cannot fight, and cannot take flight. Both actions are considered uncouth, unseemly, uncivilized. But nature often fails to recognize such niceties. Primitive man reacts just like the beasts he hunts-that is the way of all flesh. But we are not just flesh. We have manners, mores, civilities. So, the civilized reaction to threat, real or imaginary, we call "stress." This causes a number of reactions collectively known as the "general adaptation syndrome." Three phases are recognized: alarm, resistance and exhaustion. All are controlled by the adrenal glands. A glandular complex Animal experiments show that control of the stressor, that is the agent responsible for stress, involves fewer risks for developing ulcers and similar ailments. On the other hand, uncontrolled stress tends to reduce or deplete norepinephrene in the brain, and this in turn increases the risks for ulcers, heart disease, cancer, etc. The adrenal response The second or resistance phase allows fight or flight to go on, beyond the liver's glucose capacity. For this reason released glucocorticoids convert protein to energy, while mineralcorticoids retain sodium to maintain high blood pressure, reduce inflammation, and control roused emotional reactions. But the adrenal glands can become exhausted from continuous or excessive demands. This may cause a weakening or collapse of internal organs or even a total collapse of body functions. Other conditions linked to psychological stress range from angina and asthma to rheumatoid arthritis and ulcers. Remember, we do not all react in the same way to the same external stress. Our reactions are as different as we are. Our program |
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